Understanding Extra Teeth: Causes, Types, and Treatments
Most of us have 32 adult teeth, but some individuals may develop more than the standard number. These additional teeth, known as “supernumerary teeth,” can appear in children or adults, and while they aren’t overly common, they do require attention. If left untreated, extra teeth can lead to various complications, including misalignment, crowding, and other dental issues.
What Causes Extra Teeth?
Supernumerary teeth develop during the early stages of dental formation, typically due to genetic factors. In some cases, conditions like cleidocranial dysplasia or Gardner’s syndrome are linked to the development of extra teeth, but in most people, it occurs without an underlying medical condition. These teeth may vary in size and shape and can appear anywhere in the mouth, though they are more frequently found in the upper jaw.
Types of Extra Teeth
There are different types of supernumerary teeth, categorized by their shape and location:
- Mesiodens: These are the most common type of extra teeth and typically appear between the two upper front teeth. Mesiodens can sometimes cause the adjacent teeth to shift out of alignment.
- Distomolars: These extra molars usually grow behind the third molars (wisdom teeth). While less common, they can still cause crowding and discomfort.
- Paramolars: Located next to the molars, paramolars are typically smaller than regular molars and may not erupt fully through the gums.
- Conical: Shaped like small, peg-like teeth, conical supernumerary teeth are common and may grow between regular teeth.
- Tuberculate: These barrel-shaped extra teeth often have multiple roots and can cause more severe alignment issues.
Potential Issues Caused by Extra Teeth
While some supernumerary teeth may not cause any immediate problems, others can lead to significant dental complications:
- Crowding: Extra teeth can push surrounding teeth out of their natural position, leading to crowding and misalignment, which may require orthodontic treatment.
- Impaction: In some cases, extra teeth remain impacted below the gums, which can prevent neighboring teeth from erupting properly.
- Cysts or Tumors: Although rare, supernumerary teeth can sometimes be associated with the development of cysts or tumors in the jawbone.
- Difficulty Cleaning: Extra teeth can make it harder to maintain proper oral hygiene, increasing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease.
Treatment Options
The treatment for supernumerary teeth depends on the severity of the case and whether the extra teeth are causing problems. If they’re not interfering with your bite or oral health, your dentist may recommend monitoring them without immediate intervention. However, if the extra teeth are causing issues, the most common solution is extraction.
In cases where extra teeth have caused misalignment or crowding, orthodontic treatment may be necessary to bring your smile back to optimal alignment. Your dentist will work with you to create a personalized treatment plan that ensures both the health and aesthetics of your smile.
When to See Your Dentist
If you suspect you or your child may have extra teeth, it’s important to consult your dentist. Early detection can prevent more serious dental problems down the road. Call WPFD (210) 877-2273 or request an appointment here.
